Regulation and biological function of thymidine kinase.
نویسنده
چکیده
Introduction Thymidine kinase (TK) is an enzyme of the salvage pathway of nucleotide biosynthesis. There are only a few organisms (yeast being one of them) that do not have at least one enzyme of this specificity. Also most DNA viruses, from bacteriophages to human pathogenic viruses such as herpes and vaccinia, code for TKs [l]. Some of these viral TKs are of special interest; they are useful tools for cell biological research and their structure, especially the difference from that of the cellular enzymes, is of interest. Animal cells have two different TKs, one of which is present in the mitochondria and functions in the supply of pyrimidine phosphates for mitochondrial DNA synthesis. Unfortunately, little is known about this enzyme beyond some enzymic properties. In particular, neither the cDNA nor the gene for mitochondrial T K have been cloned so far from any species. The second TK, which in most cells is the major form of the enzyme, contributes to the supply of thymidine nucleotides for nuclear DNA synthesis. Although this enzyme has often been described as cytoplasmic TK, it was only recently that this localization was finally proven with the help of specific antibodies and tagged protein (L. Orel, H. Sutterluety, S. Bart1 and C. Seiser, personal communication), dismissing an early suggestion that the enzyme is part of a single large complex (the replisome) consisting of enzymes of DNA replication and precursor production [Z], which of necessity would have to be nuclear. This review will only deal with cytoplasmic TK. The amino acid sequence of this enzyme is known from many mammalian cells and shows considerable similarity among species (Figure 1); this holds
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عنوان ژورنال:
- Biochemical Society transactions
دوره 25 1 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1997